Knowledge Intensive Service Activities †Free Samples to Students

Question: Talk about the Knowledge Intensive Service Activities. Answer: Presentation: Australian IT advertise is growing gradually. It is an enormous nation with low populace quality; consequently ability deficiency in any area is normal. Dissimilar to nations like US, Japan and even India who are known for offering IT bolster both from redistributed operational administrations or from home office, Australias programming part is generally new and gradually overhauling. In this writing audit on IT industry in Australia, the scientist directs an observational examination by gathering optional information from a few sources, for example, recently distributed books, diaries, research articles on the individual point (Bernstein and Yuhas, 2002). In the wake of concentrating from these insightful sources a basic comprehension of the situation has been introduced underneath that investigates different features of IT industry in Australia, for example, the development, related issues and difficulties looked by the product division. The Australian IT part is by and large not contrasted and driving programming advancement nations like US, Japan, Phillippines and India. In the wake of leading a careful examination available state of Australia it is obvious that Australia is a major nation with an extremely little populace and thus there lies solid rivalry for IT employments. A few people have moved in the expectation of gaining cash and appreciate better day to day environments. Undoubtedly, a candidate is relied upon to have space skill and careful information (Crawford et al. 2013). IT is a particular area that needs explicit expertise and information. From the ordered data on IT area, as indicated by the reports distributed by the Government in Australian Industry Report 2016, huge organizations by and large redistribute the principle programming advancement work. Since companys requests gifted staff with space based information, for instance, banking industry requests IT experts with banking information and ex perience. In this way regardless of whether an individual has ten years of involvement with taking care of programming advancement in Project Management, the individual is commonly recognized as unacceptable in the financial business (OECD KISA venture, 2010). To the extent the development and issues of the Australian IT industry is concerned, it is clear from the report distributed by Spencer (2017), that the IT area of Australia will encounter immense aptitude lack in an additional five years. The scientist has directed an overview and gathered information from respondents chose from IT segment. A similar report on information gathered in 2011 and 2014 has been assessed by the scientist and supported that in 2014 respondents in IT division younger than 30 was just 6% in contrast with the overview information gathered in 2011 where it indicated that 18% workers in the office were beneath 30 years old. The graph underneath obviously shows a lofty decay of 66% in only three years. It has been additionally brought up by financial experts and industry investigators in Australia that organizations or market pioneers like Microsoft, Google and HP for the most part run key programming focused activities in different nations and have set up an alternate activity in the separate locale and they by and large have distinctive recruiting necessities (Di Tullio and Bahli, 2013). IT is Australia by and large spotlights on, Property and business administrations Government organization just as guard Money and protection division Correspondence administrations Assembling As per Ehrig et al. (2007), the Australian economy is experiencing significant change. Lion's share of populace is utilized in the administration business. Social administrations and Distribution administrations are chiefly known for offering solid job. In different ventures like Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing work is offered dependent on contract. Examination on development in the Australian area has stressed on investigating examples of imaginative movement inside a monetary condition. OECD KISA venture (2010), according to this report the product part assumes a significant job in the Australian economy. Inside the space, there is a lot of creation in programming improvement and last items are offered to buyers both at the local and universal market. The product has advanced as a contribution to the creation of programming. As indicated by the information distributed by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) data innovation advancement has gotten incorporated into every single driving zone in the financial turn of events. Data and Communication Technology: Australia (2004), and Enabling Our Future Australian IT industry is a little however huge piece of the world business and it contributed around $50 billion to the Australian economy (Fitzpatrick and Keane, 2006). The nation today has around 24 000 authorities firms that offer work to in excess of a million people. Difficulties looked by the IT area: Throughout the years it has been encountered that tech part in Australia encounters low development that mining and other space. There are a few difficulties confronting organizations. The worldwide economy has affected on the countrys financial advancement in the previous not many years. Quick monetary development was experienced by China and this has totally changed the worldwide exchange and venture stream. Other than other area, the key custom of IT industry is to effectively discharge item updates and fulfill customer need (Gentle, 2007). Probably the greatest difficulties to be considered in the midst of serious condition are; Income: both little and huge organizations experience issues with income as it requires some investment to get installment from the customers. Meeting on-going costs thus become a significant test for the organization. Advancement: drive to development has picked up significance and its interest has expanded in the business. Associations today are compelled to investigate new chances and open development potential. A few organizations are thinking of imaginative arrangements activating rivalry in the market (Holcombe, 2008). Abroad extension: business development and ability charm have supported organizations in redistributing ventures to India or China. IT organizations could without much of a stretch get the ventures finished inside time and spending plan. They could set aside cash by utilizing aptitudes from financially creating nations. Subsequently organizations today incline toward utilizing profoundly learned and talented team from re-appropriating. This training has affected vigorously hands on market and tech experts are seldom finding a new line of work. Undoubtedly, Melbourne and Sydney are the most well known goals where work searchers crowd for tech employments. Australia has countless transient populaces. Other than local populace, the nation has bolstered the transient populace in development and living (Nicolette, 2015). As indicated by the specialists, Australian IT industry has encountered a huge decrease in inclusion from youthful experts. There has been a wonderful fall in joining the business in the course of recent years. As indicated by the CEO of the online administrations organization, IT industry ought to take care of the issue tormenting the circumstance so more individuals could join the business. Other than this industry master director of CSIRO referenced subsequent to breaking down the general disposition of the activity searchers and IT experts in Australia that Australia comes up short on a culture of continue learning. As indicated by him, there is a vacuum in cherishing learning or knowing the obscure or cont inue rehearsing to improve aptitude. Consequently, the countries absence of approach towards reveling into persistent adapting in this manner impacts on the general execution of the expert area. Consequently when the fitness is contrasted and different nations like Israel or India organizations recognize that in each spot individuals battle towards improving each day. The expert condition is steep in constant endeavor towards individual and expert improvement, and since this mentality is absent in Australian populace organizations are baffled (OECD KISA venture, 2010). For instance, as indicated by Mr Thodey with respect to coding process, the expert mentality towards finishing the assignment in Australia doesn't consolidate any new experimentation, research or other improving methodologies, rather the experts approach is to adhere to the current organization and simply whatever makes you go. There is no ability towards development, experimentation or improvement. What's more, this is prompting a tangible state in IT segment. Eventual fate of IT in Australia: With the development of portable cell phone innovation, Australian IT area encountered certain progressions and communicated ability towards investigating the new and intriguing division. Occupations in PC framework configuration expanded. This zone requested aptitude in programming and programming advancement and in 2008 encountered an unexpected flood. According to the Australian App Economy report, Australia could encounter huge development in the portable processing segment as more individuals are keen on the area. Other than this industry examiners, for example, Dr Mandel further detailed that Australia is prepared to assimilate to new advances at a quick pace and investigating the development pattern he has additionally referenced that Australia is relied upon to perform well and along these lines he named it the application economy as this area contains application designers from the IT segment. At present about 9.4 percent of Australian tech occupations incorporate individuals working in application advancement movement (Spencer, 2017). In this manner since the soundness of application advancement is acceptable, if different enterprises like retail, money, amusement acknowledge computerized improvement and utilize development all the time, the specific territory in IT would arrive at new statures by 2020. Application economy is contributing gigantically and a report from Apple plainly features that the App Store has effectively included around 70,000 employments in the Australian economy. Other than the application advancement and computerized development, E-business and E-arrangement have increased significant significance in the previous barely any years. A few companie

Managing People in an Organization for Middle - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Talk about theManaging People in an Organization for Middle. Answer: Presentation Overseeing individuals in an association is a basic angle for directors. In the associations, there is a ton of positioning where the administration is sorted out from the top administration, center, the board and furthermore to the lower the executives. The top directors are much of the time the deliberators and arrangement creators. They relate with the center administration down the association chain of command to pass orders which are executed from that point. Be that as it may, every one of these directors job lays on overseeing representative just as the organization or authoritative practices. Finish Hotel is a genuine case of an association. It is a help rendering association where I practice my aptitudes as a supervisor in Human Resource Department where I could deal with the cleaners of Finish Hotel. In a similar case, dealing with the individuals who makes the association is too lumbering and focusing on (Armstrong, 2016, p.85). It turns out to be difficult to, oversee oth ers while to a few, it is anything but difficult to oversee and direct. No different, I was in a situation to investigate my potential in taking care of the expanded classes of individuals in Finish lodging, however with certain troubles. The executives Key Issues Relating to Hotel Workers of the Case Making and Sustaining Commitment Individuals in association ought to consistently be driven by the director towards being devoted to duties. As a chief in the lodging, there are a few issues as individuals should hold first, food of responsibilities being one. In the hierarchical conduct, duty can be comprehended as the individual connection to the association. As How laborers feel about their activity in Finish inn, being cleaners is significant. In genuine sense, dealing with these individuals is working condition expect of me to help the laborers at this ability to have the option to be focused on their cleaning task. In any case, issue, for example, correspondence obstructions and social boundaries appears to win. They numerous now and again obliterates the affinity between the association laborers and in this way, execution is brought down. Individuals in the association are totally different. Assorted varieties wins in the association, for example in this lodging, the individuals working in that are from various ethnic gatherings, they are of various capacities and furthermore, they are genuinely differentiated (Bridges and Bridges, 2017, p.108). As a supervisor in this bank in Human Resource office, I was called to deal with broadening of these worker so as there can be acceptable advancement in the workplace. Issues Relating to Hotel Cleaning At the point when I was dealing with these individuals in Finish Hotel, there were the working conditions that now and again appeared to trouble the representatives, the cleaners. At times, there were a great deal of work to be done and once in a while the things and devices for work were deficient, similar to the streetcars to serve the clients. With this conditions, the cleaning activity would not be as proficient as it is relied upon to be. Being the administrator, something that was fundamental was to support the cleaners, one ought to comprehend the laborers and the state of the working environment with the goal that the desires towards them can be controllable. Reserving no privilege to articulation to the cleaners likewise endured to be a test. It doesn't sound great, and indeed, it didn't. The administration, particularly the top administration had a restricted space for articulations. The cleaners constrained extension to scrutinize and scrutinize the coordinators made them dump and they favored remaining quiet about all issues. Correspondence in the Workplace Considering the correspondence and the systems included thereof in Finish lodging is an issue that I saw too. Correspondence is the divert that individuals use in association to gather and facilitate the objectives and the authoritative methodologies. I saw a few cases as an administrator in Finish lodging where a portion of the individuals were hesitant to powerful correspondence. Dealing with certain individuals who will consistently have poor disposition towards work and utilize nonverbal signs or signals to communicate disappointment would not be simple (Moreno-Salamanca and Mele, 2017, p. 199). One have to react suitably to every one of these laborers character so as there could be no issues on disappointments. Inspiration and Appraisals to Employee As an administrator, spurring representative is an essential advance that ought to be grasped when acceptable work has been taken note. This implies in the association, there will be a few times where individuals, for example the cleaners in Finish Hotel, will perform quite well. Remunerating them would prompt better execution. Inability to persuade the representative, the supervisors break the mental agreement of the worker and lackluster showing results. In this manner, viable and effective persuasive systems ought to be maintained. How I have Learnt from the Case Study This contextual analysis has helped me to build up some administrative aptitudes that, as an accomplice in the HRM office, the line the executives ought to have its jobs checked. Dealing with certain individuals from various status calls me to consider aggregate haggling on the privileges of the low administration laborers. I am in a situation to rehearse these abilities in the field when I get in my vocation. I have also discovered that, in overseeing individuals in an association, the key objective is to improve the efficiency and expanding the general gainfulness. The laborers are qualified for their fundamental compensations to keep them in their great working conditions and consequently, as a supervisor, I should investigate guaranteeing that they accomplish brilliant work for the association too. For the instance of Finish Hotel, the efficiency had been kept up to a decent degree. The association would rely on its representative. This is because of legitimate administration which would help the association initiative in HRM division. As indicated by (Evans, and Lindsay (2013), the benefits of the organization in the wake of arranging and selling its proposed merchandise and ventures ought to be consistent and up to the normal principles. In overseeing individuals, I need to ensure that the efficiency of the worker is proportionate to the normal norm so as the benefits to people and t he organization could be acknowledged too. How the Course and the Case Studies has Helped me Since I am a potential administrator, I have been helped by this course in acknowledging much in association the board and overseeing individuals. The instance of Finish Hotel has helped me to distinguish myself as a director and investigated further into boss worker relationship in the organization. I have additionally been edified on the issues around the inn the board. Perspectives like work pressure, correspondence, obstructions and furthermore inspiration of representative are currently not unfamiliar to me. I can be in a situation to deal with the laborers with their different needs and take care of them from what I have gained from this course. There are a lot of speculations that I had concentrated in homeroom. The course had presented me to an assortment of hypothetical information on overseeing individuals. At this moment, I have had the option to check their relevance and legitimacy in the genuine authoritative wonders. The contextual analysis and drafting of the report has been useful in making my psyche and thinking expansive in checking the standards of the organization as I investigated the writing of numerous researchers when I was composing my drafts in this course. I have had the option to take a shot at various elements of the association like the regulating and execution capacities and association capacities from the information procured in this course unit. End In overseeing individuals in an association, you will consistently expect good and bad times as a chief. Issues will rise every day and as a director, one should be in a situation to deal with ridiculously. Legitimate administration, guaranteeing intuitive condition is made would lead a firm, for example, Finish Hotel (Risl and Kara, 2015, p.31). Top directors need to effectively examine the specialty of overseeing individuals and taking care of gathering elements so as there would be better practices in the association. Reference Armstrong, M., 2016. Armstrong's Handbook of Management and Leadership for HR: Developing Effective People Skills for Better Leadership and Management. Kogan Page Publishers. Extensions, W. also, Bridges, S., 2017. Overseeing advances: Making the greater part of progress. Da Capo Press. Champoux, J.E., 2016. Authoritative conduct: Integrating people, gatherings, and associations. Routledge. Evans, J.R. also, Lindsay, W.M., 2013. Overseeing for quality and execution greatness. Cengage Learning. Moreno-Salamanca, A. furthermore, Mel, D., 2017. Excellencies and Principles in Managing People in the Organization. Handbook of Virtue Ethics in Business and Management, pp.199-209. Risl, M. furthermore, Kara, E., 2015. Emergency Management in Hotel Business in Finland: Viewpoint of the Receptionists. Tuulentie, S. furthermore, Heimtun, B., 2014. New country inhabitants or working visitors? Spot connection of portable the travel industry laborers in Finnish Lapland and northern Norway. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 14(4), pp.367-384. Tuulentie, S. furthermore, Lankila, J., 2016. A Hotel Waiting for Renovation: Pallas as a Challenging Case for Tourism Development in Finnish Lapland. The travel industry Destination Development: Turns and Tactics, p.209.

Can Too Much Homework Make You Physically Ill

Can Too Much Homework Make You Physically Ill Can Too Much Homework Make You Physically Ill? Can Too Much Homework Make You Physically Ill? In a recent study conducted by the Stanford Graduate School of Education, which surveyed more than 4,300 students from ten high-performing public and private high-schools, researchers found that excessive homework causes high-stress levels and physical health problems. “We found a clear connection between the students’ stress and physical impacts â€" migraines, ulcers and other stomach problems, sleep deprivation and exhaustion, and weight loss,” said co-author Denis Pope. The study was published in the Journal of Experimental Education, which also found that the average student was doing as much as five hours of homework per night. According to the study, fifty-six per cent of students cited homework as a primary stressor in their lives, despite the facts that homework levels have remained relatively stable since 1984, the study goes on to report. The study also found that academic pressure can lead to serious drug and alcohol abuse, depression, and anxiety. The reason: an enormous amount of pressure, including family dynamics, peer norms, pressures at schools, and policies in higher education, the report concludes. With many pupils stressed about midterms and finals right around the corner, the pressure is for high achieving students to maintain their GPA levels and overall academic performance. Don’t let mounting pressure get in the way of your academic performance; Homework Help USA is here to assist with all your academic and custom essay writing and editing needs. We are a professional essay writing service with years of writing and editing experience, giving you the peace of mind you need to focus on maintaining your mental and physical health. Reference: Can too much homework make your child sick? Study finds clear connection between students stress and physical illness. (2014, March 21). Retrieved January 2, 2015, from Can Too Much Homework Make You Physically Ill Can Too Much Homework Make You Physically Ill? Can Too Much Homework Make You Physically Ill? In a recent study conducted by the Stanford Graduate School of Education, which surveyed more than 4,300 students from ten high-performing public and private high-schools, researchers found that excessive homework causes high-stress levels and physical health problems. “We found a clear connection between the students’ stress and physical impacts â€" migraines, ulcers and other stomach problems, sleep deprivation and exhaustion, and weight loss,” said co-author Denis Pope. The study was published in the Journal of Experimental Education, which also found that the average student was doing as much as five hours of homework per night. According to the study, fifty-six per cent of students cited homework as a primary stressor in their lives, despite the facts that homework levels have remained relatively stable since 1984, the study goes on to report. The study also found that academic pressure can lead to serious drug and alcohol abuse, depression, and anxiety. The reason: an enormous amount of pressure, including family dynamics, peer norms, pressures at schools, and policies in higher education, the report concludes. With many pupils stressed about midterms and finals right around the corner, the pressure is for high achieving students to maintain their GPA levels and overall academic performance. Don’t let mounting pressure get in the way of your academic performance; Homework Help Canada is here to assist with all your academic and custom essay writing and editing needs. We are a professional essay writing service with years of writing and editing experience, giving you the peace of mind you need to focus on maintaining your mental and physical health. Reference: Can too much homework make your child sick? Study finds clear connection between students stress and physical illness. (2014, March 21). Retrieved January 2, 2015, from

An Introduction to Varieties of Capitalism (Peter Hall)

Abstract: This chapter outlines the theoretical perspective behind a ‘varieties of capitalism approach to comparative political economy, emphasizing the central role of the firm as the agent of economic adjustment and the impact of the relationships it forms in the spheres of corporate governance, labor relations, skill formation, inter-corporate relations, and employerÂâ€"employee relations. It develops the distinction between liberal market economies, where firm endeavours are coordinated primarily by markets, and coordinated market economies, where coordination is more heavily strategic, and explores how the institutional complementarities in these economies give rise to distinctive forms of innovation as well as comparative institutional†¦show more content†¦As any work on this topic must be, ours is deeply indebted to prior scholarship in the field. The ‘varieties of capitalism approach developed here can be seen as an effort to go beyond three perspectives on institutional variation that have dominated the study of comparative capitalism in the preceding thirty years. 2 2 Of necessity, this summary is brief and slightly stylized. As a result, it does not do full justice to the variety of analyses found within these literatures and neglects some discussions that fall outside them. Note that some of our own prior work can be said to fall within them. For more extensive reviews, see Hall (1999, 2001). In important respects, like ours, each of these perspectives was a response to the economic problems of its time. The first of these perspectives offers a modernization approach to comparative capitalism nicely elucidated in Shonfields magisterial treatise of 1965. Devised in the post-war decades, this approach saw the principal challenge confronting the developed economies as one of modernizing industries still dominated by pre-war practices in order to secure high rates of national growth. Analysts tried to identify a set of actors with the strategic capacity to devise plans for industry and to impress them on specific sectors. Occasionally, this capacity was said to reside in the banks but more often in public officials.Show MoreRelatedComparative Critique Of Comparative Capitalism1214 Words   |  5 PagesCOMPARATIVE CAPITALISM Case Study #4: Comparative Capitalism Florence F. Messi St Thomas University Miami Gardens, Florida Abstract The Merriam-Wester dictionary defines capitalism as an economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods, by investments that are determined by private decision, and by prices, production, and the distribution of goods that are determined mainly by competition in a free market. (2015). However for an ideal capitalism to fully operateRead More Varieties of Capitalism Essay2378 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction Due to the rapid process of globalization, the issue of whether socio-economic institutions and policies are converging or diverging across different nations has become controversial. Various literatures on comparative institutional studies has been developed, in which the Varieties of Capitalism approach by Hall and Soskice (2001) is one of the most significant concepts that is being widely discussed. According to Hall and Thelen (2005), the ‘varieties of capitalism’ is a firm-centeredRead MoreCoordinated Market Economy17621 Words   |  71 Pages04/5 Varieties of Capitalism and Institutional Complementarities in the Macroeconomy An Empirical Analysis Peter A. Hall and Daniel W. Gingerich Peter A. Hall is Krupp Foundation Professor of European Studies and the Director of the Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies at Harvard University. Daniel W. Gingerich is a Graduate Associate of the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs and a Ph. D. candidate in the Department of Government at Harvard University. Peter A. Hall phall@fasRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The War 1264 Words   |  6 Pagess Al-Hussein Yuqtal Min Jadid presents an interaction and an opposition between some inauthentic Western imported capitalist values and authentic historically rooted ethics. He portrays the moral codes of some modern-day businessmen to represent capitalism and industrialization, and measures them against history as a necessary horizon for understanding and reforming the present. His play thus tries to forge a new Arab/Muslim identity that integrates history with modernity. GenerallyRead More Philosophers of the Age of Enlightenment Essay examples1477 Words   |  6 Pagesan awareness of categorical imperative. Categorical imperative would be the inner command to act in every situations as everyone else would. Adam Smith wrote on economies. He was one of the most influential philosophers, and his ideas lead to capitalism. He believed that â€Å"economic liberty was the foundation of a natural economic system† (Kagan, 603) He is usually regarded as the founder of laissez-faire economic thought and policy. In his masterpiece, Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of theRead MoreResponsible Enterprise And How It Effects Almost Every Business1599 Words   |  7 Pages1.0 Introduction The aim of this report is to using academic literature examine responsible enterprise and how it effects nearly every business, firstly in this essay the report will begin with an definition on what responsible enterprise is and what it means. Then there will be an analysis of one of the five drivers of responsible enterprise and explain the role in which the government plays a part in boosting responsible enterprise. Finally, this report will conclude with a synthesis of the findingsRead MoreAssigment2156 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Economic system is defined as the basic arrangements made by societies to solve the economic problem. There are three economic systems that classification by degree of government control. The three economic systems are Command Economy System (Socialism). A system where the government, rather than the free market, determines what goods should be produced, how much should be produced and the price at which the goods will be offered for sale. The command economy is a key feature of anyRead Moreâ€Å"Society Is an Arena for Inequality That Generates Conflict and Change.† Discuss This Statement Using Four Well Developed Examples from Within Your Own Society.2161 Words   |  9 PagesOne of the lines of a renowned song that Peter Tosh (1974), famous Jamaican song writer and singer penned was ‘there can be no peace without justice; what we need is equal rights and justice.’ More than thirty years since that song was written, the people in the Jamaican society are still crying out for justice. One might be led to believe that as the general standard of living improves with time, inequality would slowly become less evident. However, although things are improving, evidence of inequalityRead MoreFuture Analysis of Nation State6263 Words   |  26 PagesFuture Analysis of The Nation-State System Introduction: It is common to hear of the threats to the nation-state system in the contemporary world. Such threats seem to originate from many different quarters, at different level of the global system. This impending sense that the nation-state is somehow in â€Å"crisis† led to analyze the question of â€Å"the contemporary crisis of the nation-state?† But before we go into the analysis, it is important to look into the ideas that would help to understandRead MoreDefination of Globalisation12291 Words   |  50 Pages16 49 info@gcsp.ch Dr. Nayef R.F. Al-Rodhan Ambassador Gà ©rard Stoudmann Definitions of Globalization: A Comprehensive Overview and a Proposed Definition Abstract Many authors have attempted, with relative success, to define globalization in a variety of ways. Some claim that it cannot be done, others claim that it would constrain the meaning to do so, and still others have defied these two beliefs and have constructed a working definition. Despite differing opinions about developing a definition

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ( Cbt ) And A Family Systems...

Mental health professionals recognize that Family Systems Therapy (FT) and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) have had successes as a treatment methodology for individuals who develop eating disorders (Jones, Volker, Lock, Taylor, and Jacobi, 2012; Park, Waller, and Gannon, 2013). In this paper, I compare and contrast an individual approach involving cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and a family systems approach. Definitions and descriptions of studies involving both approaches will be provided, and a comparison will be made. Finally, a discussion of the ethics of both studies will be discussed. Two Approaches to Treatment Individual Approach: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy CBT CBT is defined as a form of mental health based counseling, focusing on errors of cognition and perception. It usually involves a limited number of individual outpatient sessions (Park et al., 2013). This form of therapy, â€Å"helps you become aware of inaccurate or negative thinking, so you can view challenging situations more clearly and respond to them in a more effective way,† (â€Å"Cognitive behavioral therapy†, 2014, para. 1). Family Systems Therapy (FT) Family Systems approach is another form of psychotherapy that treats the entire family unit. It assumes that everyone in the family contributes to the problem, and that change must take place throughout the family system, not just within the individual presenting the eating disorder (â€Å"Family therapy†, 2014, para. 1). This approach helps to,Show MoreRelatedAn Interview With A Social Work Practitioner1243 Words   |  5 Pagesdisorders. She received a clinical training from the Beck Institute in Philadelphia for Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Children and Adolescents. Additionally, she received clinical and research trainings with support from the Annie E. Casey Foundation for Child and Youth Mental Health Interventions at UCLA. She is currently completing training through Marsha Linehan’s Behavioral Tech, LLC for Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Managing Anxiety and Panic for Adolescents (MAP-A). Dr. Anthony’s educationRead MoreCognitive Behavior Therapy1349 Words   |  6 PagesCognitive Behavior Therapy Developed by Dr. Aaron T. Beck,  Cognitive Therapy (CT), or Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), is a form of psychotherapy in which the therapist and the client work together as a team to identify and solve problems. Therapists help clients to overcome their difficulties by changing their thinking, behavior, and emotional responses. A System of Psychotherapy Cognitive therapy is a comprehensive system of psychotherapy, and treatment is based on an elaborated and empiricallyRead Morebshs 455 week 4 lt outline treatment approaches Essay839 Words   |  4 Pagessubstance abuse. The approaches that are being looked at to help someone recover is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET), Medication Management, Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA), and Community Reinforcement and Family Training Approach (CRAFT). Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Cognitive behavioral; therapy (CBT) was developed as an aide to prevent relapse when treating addiction. CBT is based on the principle that the learning process is important in dealing withRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy ( Cbt )937 Words   |  4 PagesFirst and foremost, what is cognitive behavioral therapy? The Mayo Clinic website defines cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) as a common type of psychotherapy, talk therapy, wherein the individual seeking therapy works with a mental health counselor in a structured way for a prescribed set of meeting. (web citation) CBT is a goal oriented therapeutic approach which allows the individual in therapy to identify troubling situations or conditions in their life; allows the individual to become awareRead MoreThe Importance Of A Theoretical Orientation On Substance Abuse And Co Occurring Personality Disorders1750 Words   |  7 Pageswith individuals, families, and treatment groups. One of the main reasons for a theoretical orientati on is because it gives the social worker a framework of reference to understand the therapeutic needs of the client. It provides the social worker with a theory-based framework for generating hypotheses about the client’s experience and behaviors, which in turn helps prepare the basis for a specific treatment intervention. This paper will discuss how cognitive-behavioral therapy used the most withRead MoreDuring adolescents, there is an increased vulnerability for depression due to biological,1100 Words   |  5 Pagesis an increased vulnerability for depression due to biological, cognitive, and socio-environmental changes. For this paper, I will be discussing Scarlet, a 16 year old Hispanic female whose parents have divorced two years ago, and because of that Scarlet has been displaying symptoms of Persistent Depressive Disorder and Oppositional and Defiant Disorder. This paper will review literature which supports Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as being an effective form of treatment for depression with adolescentsRead MoreTrauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1560 Words   |  7 Pagesthat can be long lasting, and very serious... Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) is parts -based psychosocial treatment model that includes elements of cognitive-behavioral, attachment, humanis tic, empowerment, and family therapy models (insert citation0. It includes several primary components designed to be adaptable to focus on the needs of each child and their family. There is solid scientific data that this therapy works in children, treating trauma symptoms in adolescents, andRead MoreTrauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1720 Words   |  7 Pagessymptoms (Cohen, Mannarino Iyengar, 2011). Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) is basically a conjoint parent and child psychotherapy approach for kids and teenagers who are undergoing significant behavioral and emotional difficulties pertaining to traumatic life events (Jensen et al., 2014). In essence, it is a components-based treatment model incorporating trauma-sensitive interventions with family, cognitive behavioral, as well as humanistic techniques and principles. ParentsRead MoreMedical Health Promotion And Disease Prevention Plan1467 Words   |  6 PagesNUR 609 : Application of Theory Guidelines Yi Duan Low SUNY Upstate Medical University NURS 609 Family Psychiatric and Mental health Theory Professor: Prof. Patricia Powers Introduction The nationwide health promotion and disease prevention plan, Healthy People 2020, recognizes that mental health promotion and mental health reduction as one of the most significant health objectives. Statistic indicated that mental health disorders are the leading cause of disability in United States and CanadaRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy ( Cbt ) Essay935 Words   |  4 PagesCognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a therapeutic approach that is based on a combination of cognitive and behavioral therapy. CBT focuses on how a person’s distorted thought process and inaccurate belief system influences their mood and behaviors. Once it can be identified, the blended therapy aims to change a person’s thinking to be more adaptive and healthy, which will lead to change unhealthy behavior patterns (National Institute of Mental Health, 2015). This type of psychotherapy has been

Existential Psychology and Humanistic Approach Use in Modern Perspective Free Essays

Extistencail psychology amp; humanistic approach (personality) Use in modern perspective Focus on how it relates to happiness Difference: humanist + side of human Est related to sex and aggression. Which statement about Freud’s theory of personality is FALSE? The most important aspects of personally development are finished by age 6 The ego continues to develop as you grow The id is present at birth The ego must balance the demands of the id and super-ego The id is entirely unconscious. The ego is entirely conscious Difference: ego amp; super ego Ego: the eye since of self, intelligence ore rational Super ego: (over-eye) develop early on Demand of your culture, what your culture (good boy or girl) should or shouldn’t do. We will write a custom essay sample on Existential Psychology and Humanistic Approach: Use in Modern Perspective or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ex: good person won’t have sex In this defense mechanism, an individual acts in a manner opposite to their true desires or motives. Displacement You displace your anger on something or someone else Projection Instead of admitingit to yourself you accuse everyone else of it Reaction formation Regression Using a baby talk Denial Act as if something isn’t happening * Defense machanism do exist. He’s probably wrong about ppl use it by unciounsious * There are many reasons that contribute to our attraction to others. One of the best predictors in selecting and developing interpersonal and romantic relationships is Mere exposure effect Is why proximity is such a good predictor Just seeing them won’t influence it as much as the other one Personality characteristics Commonalities in parental behavior Physical proximity How close u live to each other They are there and you get to know them, b/c they live close to you What is familiar is more appealing then what isn’t Age Defense mechanisms are enated by The id The ego The super-ego Both the ego and the super ego Both the id and the super-ego In _________love we experience feelings of euphoria, intimacy, and intense sexual attraction, in ________love, we experience affection, trust, and concern, for a partner’s well-being. Passionate; companionate Companionate deals w/ oxitocen Passionate deals w/ dopamine (like w/ drugs) Research has consistently demonstrated five core components of personality. Which of the following is not one of the Big Five personality tratis? Agreeableness Extraversion + to neutral? Openness to experience Narcissism – to neutral? Bamp;C Which of the big 5 is associated w/ school and work success? (along w/ predicting IQ) Consciousness What do obedience to authority and a tendency to reciprocate other’s favors have in common? Norms (unwritten standards for behavior or how ppl will react to one other) Differ from culture to culture No one is going to sit u down amp; tell you Ex: you will obey an officer (or ppl in position of authority) When your friend does really well on a test, he says it’s b/c he is smart. If he fails, he says it’s b/c the test was really hard. This is an ex of which of the following? Extraversion Denial Sublimation Self-serving bias We have a general good look of our self Look at outside reason why we didn’t do so well. repression The tendency for ppl to engage in ____________ explains why some ppl prefer negative evaluation over positive ones and also seek mate who view them poorly. Self-verification Get info from ppl around us Deosn’t change a lot over time We seek ppl out who confirm w/ our own thoughts Self denial Self actualization Self serving bias Self report * * _____________ persuasion is a type of persuasion that involves a chang in attitudes or beliefs that is brought about by appeals to habit or emotion. Systematic Heuristic Habbits amp; emotion Happy, joy Non-systematic Logic amp; reason (opposite of heuristic) Ppl take their time (ppl are spending a lot of $) Inferential Residual The Lexical Hypothsis suggested that: Language will have many words for very important personality traits. Language will have few words for the very important personality traits Some cultures do not believe in the idea of stable personality traits. Some cultures do believe in the idea of stable personality traits. Which of the following statements about personality traits is NOT true? Traits allow us to predict behavior in specific situations. Only over time, not in situations Intelligence is not a personalilty trait According to the ___________ ppl aggress when their goals are thwarted. Pleasure principle Frustration-agression Drive principle Motivation principle Aggression-motivation hypothesis As cover in class the humanistic perspective on personality and motivation suggests that there are 3 b Automomy relatedness Competence Dominance Milgrams famous obedience study reveals that about ______% of participants delivered the max level of shock. 15% 25% 50% 65% 95% top sooner if they had to touch the learner being closer to the learner personality traits matter too often ppl who didn’t car about what ppl thought about them being taught by parents/ even if you are told to do something it wasn’t ok to hurt some one ppl who had a strong need to be approved of they were more likely to continue Researches have discovered a gene associated w/ serotonin ava ilability in th frontal love. This gen is also related to the personality trait of neuroticism The Zimbardo prison study has been cited as an example that: negative situation pressures often outweigh personality traits. When ppl in angry mobs, they may not be awar of their own standards of behavior. This may be due to: Reciprocal altruism Altruism Diffusion of responsibility Doesn’t have to do w/ being aware of yourself This is in the ex of who is going to come forth to do the work When someone needs help amp; it isn’t clear if it’s a emergency When there is a crowd amp;ppl act like it’s fine then u assume it’s fine too When u are by yourself, u don’t have reference of others so u r more likely to help Deindividuation Group polarization In _________ an individual’s experience of the environment is shaped y unintentional effects of their personality on others. Situation selection Manipulation When we do it intension to manipulate others to get what we want Evocation Unintentional effect ppl respond to b/c of ur personality Passive correlation Spent a lot of ppl who have the same gene as you so it’s hard to pull apart Self-serving bias In John Gottman’s research on predictors of divorce, couples who remained married showed a ratio of ____ positive interactons for every _____negative interactions 5;1 1;5 2;1 1;2 1;1 * How to cite Existential Psychology and Humanistic Approach: Use in Modern Perspective, Papers

Doll House Essay Feminism Example For Students

Doll House Essay Feminism The play, A Doll’s House 1879 by Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906), depicts the different times in the ending decade of the 19th century. Today we still see similar situations and conflicts in our society. In the following essay I plan to reflect on the conflicts and situations in society in its comparison the play A Dolls House. To begin with, lack of communication is an ongoing p roblem in many marriages today. Communication is a key element for the success in a marriage. As seen, in the play, Nora admits to not having a serious conversation with her husband. â€Å"We’ve been married for eight years. Does it occur to you that this is the first time that we two, you and I, man and wife, have ever had a serious talk together† (p.1343)? Second, women leaving men in order to find themselves is more common today than it was in the early 19th century. As you can see it was occurring then but it wasn’t as common. A prime example is when Nora tells Helmer she wants to leave him, â€Å"I must stand on my own feet if I am to find out the truth about myself and about life. So I can’t go on living here with you any longer â€Å"(p. 1344).Last of all, the economic situations and conflicts were almost the same if not the same as today. Throughout the years economic situations and conflicts change very seldom. In the play Helmer expresses his feelings towards his economic situation. â€Å"Yes, it’s a wonderful thing to know that one’s position is assured and that one has an ample income. Don’t you agree? It’s good to know that, isn’t it?†(p.1300)? As you can see Helmer is content with economic situation and it seems as is that was something that had been bothering him. Bibliography:

Ancestry of Laura Elizabeth Ingalls

Ancestry of Laura Elizabeth Ingalls Immortalized in time by the Little House series of books that she wrote based on her own life, Laura Elizabeth Ingalls was born on February 7, 1867, in a little cabin at the edge of the Big Woods in the Chippewa River Valley region of Wisconsin. The second child of Charles Philip Ingalls and Caroline Lake Quiner, she was named after Charles mother, Laura Louise Colby Ingalls. Almanzo James Wilder, the man Laura would eventually come to marry, was born February 13, 1857, near Malone, New York. He was the fifth of six children born to James Mason Wilder and Angeline Albina Day. Laura and Almanzo married on August 25, 1885, in De Smet, Dakota Territory, and had two children - Rose born in 1886 and a baby boy who died soon after his birth in August 1889. This family tree begins with Rose and traces back through both of her parents. First Generation 1. Rose WILDER was born on 5 Dec 1886 in Kingsbury Co., Dakota Territory. She died on 30 Oct 1968 in Danbury, Fairfield Co., Connecticut. Second Generation (Parents) 2. Almanzo James WILDER was born on 13 Feb 1857 in Malone, Franklin Co., New York. He died on 23 Oct 1949 in Mansfield, Wright Co., Missouri. 3. Laura Elizabeth INGALLS was born on 7 Feb 1867 in Pepin County, Wisconsin. She died on 10 Feb 1957 in Mansfield, Wright Co., MO. Almanzo James WILDER and Laura Elizabeth INGALLS were married on 25 Aug 1885 in De Smet, Kingsbury Co., Dakota Territory. They had the following children:    1 i. Rose WILDER ii. Baby boy WILDER was born on 12 Aug 1889 in Kingsbury Co., Dakota Territory. He died on 24 Aug 1889 and is buried in De Smet Cemetery, De Smet, Kingsbury Co., South Dakota. Third Generation (Grandparents) 4. James Mason WILDER was born on 26 Jan 1813 in VT. He died in Feb 1899 in Mermentau, Acadia Co., LA. 5. Angelina Albina DAY was born in 1821. She died in 1905. James Mason WILDER and Angelina Albina DAY were married on 6 Aug 1843 and had the following children:   Ã‚  Ã‚   i. Laura Ann WILDER was born on 15 Jun 1844 and died in 1899. ii. Royal Gould WILDER was born on 20 Feb 1847 in New York and died in 1925. iii. Eliza Jane WILDER was born on 1 Jan 1850 in New York and died in 1930 in Louisiana. iv. Alice M. WILDER was born on 3 Sep 1853 in New York and died in 1892 in Florida. 2 v. Almanzo James WILDER  Ã‚   vi. Perley Day WILDER was born on 13 Jun 1869 in New York and died 10 May 1934 in Louisiana. 6. Charles Phillip INGALLS was born on 10 Jan 1836 in Cuba Twp., Allegany Co., New York. He died on 8 Jun 1902 in De Smet, Kingsbury Co., South Dakota and is buried in De Smet Cemetery, De Smet, Kingsbury Co., South Dakota. 7. Caroline Lake QUINER was born on 12 Dec 1839 in Milwaukee Co., Wisconsin. She died on 20 Apr 1924 in De Smet, Kingsbury Co., South Dakota and is buried in De Smet Cemetery, De Smet, Kingsbury Co., South Dakota. Charles Phillip INGALLS and Caroline Lake QUINER were married on 1 Feb 1860 in Concord, Jefferson Co., Wisconsin. They had the following children:   Ã‚  Ã‚   i. Mary Amelia INGALLS was born on 10 Jan 1865 in Pepin County, Wisconsin. She died on 17 Oct 1928 in at the home of her sister Carrie in Keystone, Pennington Co., South Dakota, and is buried in De Smet Cemetery, De Smet, Kingsbury Co., South Dakota. She suffered a stroke which caused her to go blind at the age of 14 and lived with her parents until the death of her mother, Caroline. After that she lived with her sister, Grace. She never married. 3 ii. Laura Elizabeth INGALLS iii. Caroline Celestia (Carrie) INGALLS was born on 3 Aug 1870 in Montgomery Co., Kansas. She died of a sudden illness on 2 Jun 1946 in Rapid City, Pennington Co., South Dakota, and is buried in De Smet Cemetery, De Smet, Kingsbury Co., South Dakota. She married David N. Swanzey, a widow, on 1 Aug 1912. Carrie and Dave never had any children together, but Carrie raised Daves children, Mary and Harold, as her own. The family lived in Keystone, the site of Mount Rushmore. Dave was one of the group of men who recommended the mountain to the sculptor, and Carries stepson Harold helped with the carving. iv. Charles Frederic (Freddie) INGALLS was born on 1 Nov 1875 in Walnut Grove, Redwood Co., Minnesota. He died on 27 Aug 1876 in Wabasha Co., Minnesota. v. Grace Pearl INGALLS was born on 23 May 1877 in Burr Oak, Winneshiek Co., Iowa. She died on 10 Nov 1941 in De Smet, Kingsbury Co., South Dakota, and is was buried in De Smet Cemetery, De Smet, Kingsbury Co., South Dakota. Grace married Nathan (Nate) William DOW on 16 Oct 1901 in her parents home in De Smet, South Dakota. Grace and Nate never had any children.

buy custom Criminal Law essay

buy custom Criminal Law essay Q1 The sixth Amendment of the US constitution is the section of the US Bill of Rights which sets forth rights connected to unlawful trials. The Supreme Court has employed the safeguards of this amendment to the states by way of Due Process Article of the 14th Amendments. The sixth amendment contains 5 principles that impact on the rights of a defendant in an illicit trial: the right to a speedy and public trial, the right to be tried by a fair jury, the right to be conversant with the charges, the right to confront and call eyewitness, and the right to a lawyer. The right of a needy defendant in a criminal tryout to the support of counsel, which is assured by the Sixth Amendment as made valid to the States by the 14th, Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335, is not directed by the cluster of the crime or by whether or not a jury audition is needed. No accused might be dispossessed of their freedom as the result of any scandalous prosecution, whether criminal or misconduct, in which they are, disallowed the assistance of the counsel. In this scenario, the Supreme Court of Florida made a mistake in holding that supplicant, a penniless who was judged for a crime punishable by incarceration up to six months, a $ 1,000 fine, or both, and given a ninety day lockup sentence, had no right to court-appointed advocate, under the pretext that the right expands only to trials for non-trivial offenses punishable by more than 6 months behind bars. Argersinger was convicted for carrying a secret weapon, a crime punishable by a jail term of up to 6 months, $ 1,000 fine, or both. Impoverished, he was tried without an attorney by the jury, found culpable, and jailed for 90 days. Argersinger went ahead to petition in the Florida Supreme Court hinting that he was denied of his 6th Amendment right to attorney, (Miller, 2006). The court overruled his claim. The United States Supreme Court Overturned the case. It unmitigated Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), asserting that lacking an informed and intelligent waiver, not any persons can be incarcerated for any offense, whether clustered as trivial, misconduct, or criminal, unless they are represented by an attorney during a trial. In agreement, Justice Powell articulated concern that most verdicts would importantly trouble the already jam-packed criminal justice structure and would permit those fined rather than imprisoned to present fair defense challenges. Gerald Gault, aged fifteen was put behind bars with Ronald Lewis, a pal to his son, on the eighth of the six of 1964. Neither of Geralds parents was present when the police took him away. Not even a notice was left behind, and had no idea Gerald had been taken to a juvenile confinement center. The police took action on the basis of a neighbors grumble that Gerald has made obscene sentiments to her by way of telephone. So when Geralds mother learnt about his son being taken to a juvenile confinement center, she went right there only to be told the hearing was scheduled for the following day. During the hearing, Geralds appellant was not present and there was no formal report regarding the facts of the allegations. An appeal had been demanded by the deputy trial officer; however, no notice of this petition was given to Geralds family.Long story short, Geralds case had no basis, it was simply based on a few past occurrences, neither of which involved an inquiry or an official allegation. One occurrence involved Gerald stealing a baseball glove from his friend and lying to the law enforcers about it. Another occurrence involved Gerald making irritant phone calls. Q3 The 5th amendment to the US Constitution promises to all people the concessions against forced self-incrimination. In the case involving Miranda v. Arizona, the U.S Supreme Court translated the 5th amendment to require a particular cluster of bureaucratic defenses that police officers should follow to defend effectively each persons 5th amendment rights. The Miranda defenses demand that before an accused custodial cross-examination, government officials should inform the indicted that they have the right to remain silent; that any of his statements might be used against him in a successive criminal action; that he has the right to confer with attorney; and that if he can be able to pay for the legal representative, the court will hire an lawyer to represent him. The authority may not employ an assertion obtained in contravention of these Miranda defenses to prove the guilt of a defendant. An indicters right to advocate at pretrial illegal schedules safeguards that person from present ing a coerced or instinctive affirmation. The right to attorney guarantees that the government affords assistance to an accused in dealing with the criminal process and also safeguards an indicted from involuntary self-incrimination. In each of the scenarios, a defendant who was not liberated to depart police detention was interrogated by law enforcement personnel, detectives, or a prosecuting lawyers exclusive of being advised that he had the 5th Amendment right to decline to respond to questions, that any account made could be applied against him during trial, and that he hand the 6th Amendment right to consult with a legal representative at any time during the cross-examination, even if he had previously made conscious declarations or reacted to questions. In the named scenario, Miranda was charged with kidnapping an molesting sexually on the third month of 1963. After being arraigned in court, he was identified by the wounded, then coerced to stand, chained, in a room for several hours while cross-examined by detectives. Arizona State bickered that Miranda had a perpetual police record and was informed of the processes applied to acquire his assertion. They in addition argued, he had exhibited acumen in compe tently negotiating with police, and had signed the admission eagerly. Under Arizona law the prosecution was fit, if the judgment was scrapped off, it would set a model that would interfere with futuristic police cross-examinations. In the end, Arizona Supreme Court upheld the lower jurys ruling, allowing Mirandas judgment to stand. Supreme Court Decision The Warren Court had in the past ruled, in Escobedo v. Illinois, 378 United States 478 (1964), when a law enforcement cross-examination is no longer a holistic investigation regarding an unsolved felony, although focuses on a fastidious suspect, a defendant cannot be disallowed his legitimate right to help of attorney. The Escobedo verdict in connection with Gideon v. Wainwright, (1963) and Mapp v. Ohio (1961) had put in place, fundamentals of impartiality, specification structured to secure the constitutional rights of the accused. In Escobedos case, the Court asserted, the accused had the right to attorney as soon as he or she was known as a suspect in a scandalous cross-examination. The Miranda verdict lessened the threshold for determining when a person could invoke legitimate defense using the right to leave trail, which entails any time an individual no longer had the liberty to willingly take themselves out of police custody. In a slim 5-4 vote, the court ruled to reverse Mira ndas belief under the pretext that he had not been rightly informed of his legitimate liberties. The typed waiver below the supposition was held to be inadequate and entailed a legal waiver of rights. Failure to guarantee the suspect understood his legitimate rights was breach of the fourteenth Amendment Due Process Article. Question 5 Seizures are subject to the demands of the 4th Amendments, although the courts have tagged along the legal system in maintaining the liberty of law enforcers to arraign a person in detention without a warrant if they have a probable cause to assume that the suspect to be arrested has been involved in a crime and wrong doing in their presence. The likely cause is, of course, analogous standard needed to be realized in the issuance of an arrest warrant, and should be justified by circumstances subsisting before to the law enforcers stop, what is unraveled thereafter not sufficing to determine retroactively logical cause,(Spawn, 2003). There are, nevertheless, occurrences when a law enforcers suspicions will have been roused by a persons conduct or manner, although probable cause for putting such an individual under apprehension will be inadequate. In Terry v. Ohio, 186 the Court almost generally sanctioned an on-the-street cross examination by a law enforcer which entails patting down the theme of the cross-examination for arms. In a case that involved, Sibron v. New York, 392 United States, 40 (1968) after law enforcers observed suspect speak with various known narcotics enthusiasts, he approached him and put his hand in the suspects pocket, hence unraveling narcotics; this was impermissible since he lacked a logical rational for frisk and as such his search over-stretched tolerable extent of a weapons frisk Adams v. Williams. The court also ruled that the Mendenhall free-to-leave inquiry was misplaced in the context of a law enforcer sweep of a bus, although a logically altered view tactic still governed. In carrying out a bus seizure, with a view of detecting illicit drugs and their dispatch riders, law enforcers plainly board a bus during a stopover at a terminal and requested to inspect tickets and also luggage of a few commuters. The Court in this regard did not center its attention on whether the seizure had transpired, as adherence to the Hodari D strategy would have demanded, but rather implied that the appropriate cross-examination is whether a logical person would be at liberty to decline the law enforcers demands or else halt the encounter. Q6 Since the Supreme Courts ruling in the case involving Miranda v. Arizona, the police have been demanded to read suspects their rights, prior to carrying out a custodial cross-examination. Whereas everyone is nearly memorable with Miranda rights, there are various wide ranging and significant miscomprehensions regarding the Miranda rights and how they impact a criminal case. If one is arrested or are facing misdemeanor charges, a criminal protection lawyer can assist substantiate rights to you. The basis of the Miranda verdict is the need that police officers counsel suspects of particular legitimate rights prior to carrying out a custodial cross-examination. This process is widely referred to as reading your rights. The proclamation of rights is analogous to most Americans, even to those that have not had any contact with the unlawful justice structure, (Spawn, 2003). The Miranda warnings say that, an individual has the right to maintain silence, and that anything uttered can be used against a person in a court of law. It goes ahead to assert that an individual has the liberty to consult a lawyer and have an attorney represent suspects during questioning time. In the event that a suspect cannot be able to meet legal services, the court can have an attorney appointed to represent them if they deem fit. If a suspect prefers to discuss with the law enforcers, they have the right to terminate the discussion if need be. The subsequent article asserts that the suspect is conversant with, and comprehends the liberties and is making a voluntary verdict to discuss with the police. Even though most police officers follow this shape with precision, courts have allowed diverse lingua that competently relays these liberties and determines intelligent waiver of those liberties. During a custodial cross-examination, the police are mainly demanded to read to suspects their liberties in a custodial cross examination scenario. What entails a custodial interrogation has been the question of much litigation for ages f ollowing the passing of the Miranda verdict. Interrogation In the event of an interrogation, police officers have the obligation to inform the suspect of principles, ask them whether they would need a drink. This process of communication is not termed as cross-examination and does not under whatsoever circumstance breach the suspects rights, even though they have alluded that they are not ready to communicate in the absentia of the attorney. Custody If the culprit has been arrested, theyre essentially in custody, although many interrogation scenarios dont fall rather so precisely one edge of the flank or the subsequent. Irrespective of whether a suspect is believed to be in custody is a question of an objective trial: whether or not a rational person would think that the law enforcement personnel had relayed that the suspect was not at liberty to leave. Intelligent Waiver Immediately a suspect behind bars is informed of the Miranda Warnings, they are at liberty to talk with police officers or not. Nonetheless, the law enforcers have no right to re-Mirandize the defendant at every twist, and if they come back moments later after initial talks and asserts theyre ready to discuss, new warnings are advisable although not needed. In the same vein, the suspect can retract their mind once they started the discussion. At every phase, they retain the right to discontinue the cross-examination and request legal representatives, (Nolan, 2008). While many people believe that if they are not read the Miranda Warning that their charges will be summarily dismissed by the courts, this is not necessarily true, (Geddes, 2007). The Miranda Warning is about protecting your rights as far as police interrogation or questioning against your will. Historically there was concern that police were too intimidating in their questioning and frightened suspects into confessing a c rime they may not have committed or pressured them into giving evidence against themselves. Many people mistakenly believe that if they speak willingly to police officers, telling all freely, and they have not been Mirandized before they speak, the police will not be able to use that confession at a trial. Dont bank on it: if you confess to a crime or speak willingly without being Mirandized, that information may be presented at a trial. The police could prove that they would have discovered this evidence without your assistance, which allows them to use the information. Q 7 A search transpires when a state worker or agent contravenes a logical anticipation of confidentiality. A seizure is the obstruction with a persons ownership interest in asset. The propertys proprietor must have had a logical anticipation of confidentiality in the items held. An individual is held when police officers apply physical coercion to restrain an individual if a logical person in a comparable circumstance would not feel gratis to leave. The exclusion on irrational searches and seizures restricts the actions police officers may assume when doing a felonious cross-examination; nevertheless, the ban also bars irrational searches and apprehensions in the civil lawsuit framework. Policing is required to carry out a search in the event that a personal suspicion informs the search. The 4th Amendment disallows holistic searches, unless in strange conditions, place the public under threat, (Russell et al, 2005). Under the Plain View, police officer that have the right to be in the position to hold the perception are liable to seizure that is not warranted, and if a warrant is feasible, then the officer has to substantiate a valid argument. This view is restricted, nevertheless, by the likely cause demands: the personnel must have probable cause to believe that objects in plain standpoint are illegal items prior to a search or a seizure. The Court has posited from the plain stance cannon to assert that once law enforcers have legitimately observed illegal items, the owners confidentiality interest in that object is lost, and law enforcers are more likely to reseal an item, track its path by way of a monitored delivery, and attack and re-open the item without necessarily having a warrant, (Geddes, 2007). For consent searches, the 4th Amendment liberties, like other constitution liberties, may be waived and one might consent to cross examine of their person or property by personnel who have not informed with the Amendment. The Court has nevertheless, asserted that the burden is on the prosecution to guarantee the willingness of the approval and consciousness of the right of choice. Buy custom Criminal Law essay

Local landfills and their effect on the environment Research Paper

Local landfills and their effect on the environment - Research Paper Example The City mainly handles its waste management by contracting them out to Local Waste Services. There are some local waste services in the city that operate some landfills, but Grove City majorly allowed SWACO to handle its waste management procedures, which involves the collection and disposal of solid waste at the Franklin County Landfill (Grove City 2011). Apart from SWACO, other waste management companies that are used by people in Grove City 2 include Tri-County Industries, Inc., and Franklin Road Recycling Solution, both of which also operate landfills. Studies have shown that one of the problems of the 21st century in the United States is waste—the country is going through a phase of mountainous waste-production, which is estimated to be millions of tons of waste yearly (Rahm 1-2). As a result of this, city administrators often find themselves at the crossroads to design a functional process for collecting and disposing of these waste materials. For many years now, landfi lls have been the appropriate systems for the disposal of waste in the United States. ... the positive effects of SWACO landfill admired by the Grove City administration are highlighted in the remaining part of this paper, comparing them with that of other local waste services. Tri-County Industries handle the waste materials for residential, industrial and commercial clients located in Grove City, Ohio. The company utilizes its big size and years of experience to help clients cut the cost of disposing of their waste in landfill (Tri-County Industries, Inc. 2011). But Tri-County Industries Landfill has some negative impacts on 3 Grove City residents: according to a recent court case against Tr-County, its landfills located at Pine and Liberty have strong bad odor, lighting issues and noises could be heard at night (Allied News 2011). Similarly, Frank Road Recycling Solutions, for over 75 years, has provided its customers in Grove City, Ohio with good waste-disposal and recycling solutions. These solutions were aimed at helping them do away with their operational waste and protect the environment (Frank Road Recycling Solutions 2011). But Frank Road Recycling Solutions Landfill does not provide the green opportunities offered by SWACO Landfill. Therefore, both Tri-County Industries, Inc., and Frank Road Recycling Solutions do not match the positive effects of SWACO as described below. Solid Waste Authority of Central Ohio (SWACO) was created as a waste-management agency with other 51 solid waste districts by Ohio General Assembly in 1989. SWACO was specifically established to help Ohio residents proactively dispose of their waste materials (SWACO 2011). And SWACO landfill provides the following positive effects in Grove City, Ohio. Solid waste materials are disposed of at SWACO landfill while customers are strongly encouraged to recycle some recyclable

Criminal Procedures in the News Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Criminal Procedures in the News - Essay Example Safety measures have been given the topmost priority. All the cities are under heavy security. Surveillance is the one of the safety measures employed to check criminal activities. Though sometimes these activities may breach privacy policies citizens of America should understand that it is for their own good. After 9/11 the American policies towards international community has changed considerably. As President Bush said you are with us or against us. The main victims of criminal are the innocent citizens. Mostly children are attracted towards criminal activities. In the recent past we have seen the news of gun firing in schools and other educational institutions. These incidents indicates that how the society has been disturbed. There is no safety not even in their home state and in their own house. Though the police department and other security agencies are providing foolproof security no one knows who will strike terror and from where. The students and other children involved in shootouts were sent to juvenile homes. They were treated as juveniles. Special psychological treatments were given o them. Juvenile homes make every effort to turn them into responsible citizens. The main reason for children committing crimes is the domestic violence.

South Africa’s Comparative Advantage: EU and SADC

South Africa’s Comparative Advantage: EU and SADC SOUTH AFRICAS POSITION IN WORLD TRADE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SOUTH AFRICAS COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE WITHIN THE EU AND SADC INTRODUCTION The South African economy has undergone a gradual process of trade reform in the last three decades, the ultimate aim being to improve resource allocation by shifting policy towards a more competitive, export-oriented focus, and more specifically to diversify exports into non-gold items (PETERSSON, 2005). Over the last two decades the world has seen the creation of many preferential trade areas both within and across continents. Today South Africa has signed trade agreements with many countries including China, India, USA (through AGOA) and notably free trade agreements (FTAs) with the South African Development Community (SADC) and the Trade, Development and Co-operation Agreement (TDCA) with the EU. The main goal of this study is to analyze and draw a comparison between South Africas comparative advantage within the European Union and within the SADC FTAs and investigate the effects of these trade agreements on trade flows among the participating/ economically allied countries. This study will also analyze the credibility and relationship between South Africas policy of free trade and its own economic performance. Background to the Study South Africa signed the Trade, Development and Co-operation Agreement (TDCA) with the European Union (EU) in 1999 and with the SADC in (2000) which were intended to remove most of the trade barriers over the next decade. The European Union has been South Africas biggest trading partner both before and after Apartheid. From 1999, the European Union was a destination of more than 40% of South Africas exports while at the same time accounting for over 70% of South Africas Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). The TDCA was mainly intended to create a free-trade area between South Africa and the EU, in order to ensure that South Africa enjoyed free access to the EU market and vice versa. The Agreement provided for liberalization of 95% of the imports by the EU from South Africa within the period of ten years, and 86% of imports by South Africa from the European Union in twelve years. However vulnerable sectors both within the EU and South Africa are allowed to be protected from competition. For example, the EU is allowed to continue protecting its agricultural products against similar imports from South Africa and the agreement permits South Africa to shelter some industrial products. Thus some motor vehicle p roducts, petroleum and petroleum products, beef, sugar, chocolate, Ice cream, dairy, chemical products, certain textile and clothing products etc, are protected against similar imports from the European Union products. In 1994 Economic sanctions against South Africa had rendered the economy inefficient due to years of isolation from the global economy. The post-apartheid democratic government inherited many social and economic problems among which included: high unemployment especially amongst the black population most of whom lacked education, differing levels of poverty and income disparities and lack of competitiveness in the industrial sector. All these issues required urgent attention and an almost complete restructuring of the economy, the way it was run and the adoption of policies that would help the nation emerge from decades of apartheid and international isolation. Being a complex economy that exhibited features of developing and developed nations, South Africa met strong opposition notably from some EU member countries. Later South Africa was denied trade concessions ratified in the Lomà ©Ã‚  [i]  Convention that were intended for under developed countries. , However South Africa itself did not see relying on aid as an important strategy for its long term drive towards development (Perry, 2000). As a result South Africas government embarked on improving its competitiveness in the world economy through promoting trade by negotiating trade treaties with several countries as a tool towards sustainable growth, eradication of poverty and income inequality. South Africa and the European Union finally signed a Free Tra de Area agreement in 1999 after a long period of negotiations that were characterized by all sides trying to negotiate the best deal possible for themselves. In the end, both managed to secure barriers in areas where they feared fiercest competition. For example France and Portugal already had concerns about South Africas wine and agricultural exports that were in direct competition in the EU market even before the TDCA was in effect and were reluctant to open their markets any further. Likewise, South Africa wanted to protect some of its infant industry especially in manufacturing. Perry (2000) notes that south Africa will had to fight for each favorable term of trade in which it has a strong comparative advantage as some countries within the European Union would have preferred to shield their individual sectors from any threatening outside competitive forces. They are only likely to engage in free trade with nations from which they expect more benefits rather than helping developi ng countries integrate into the world economy. Although there is no evidence yet to support Perrys argument, such should not be swept aside without consideration. Some of the main objectives of the TDCA include supporting South Africa in its economic and social transition, as well as promoting the countrys economic integration in the world economy (ROBLES, 2008). This being the case, the EUs decision to impose barriers on South Africas wine and Agricultural exports can be seen as a sign of double standards. The South African government could have expected to receive more concessions in such sectors. . Asante 1997 noted that the European Union is even more likely to benefit than South Africa because of adjustment costs originating from a general reduction of tariffs and from protectionism in Agriculture by the EU. He further stresses that South Africa tariffs are about five to six times higher than those of the EU. By removing tariffs on imports, South Africa looses five to six times worth of revenue than the EU. Losing so much tax revenue and still be able to run the economy and compete effectively, will require South Africa to have a significant comparative advantage over the EU in the production of various commodities so that the losses in revenue are covered by gains from exports. This paper is therefore directed at identifying sectors in which South Africa experiences a higher comparative advantage over any other member of the European Union. We would therefore expect these sectors to have free access to the European markets without import duties being levied on them. Literally, attaining such trade terms would mean that South Africa has strong bargaining power in the EU because it can manipulate policies that favor its competitive exports in the free trade zone. It is argued that when countries form a Free Trade Area by removing protectionist barriers (e.g. tariffs on imports, import quotas, and subsidies on local industries), they strengthen greater trading relations among themselves. This sometimes results in increased production of goods and services as firms no longer target domestic demand but also reach the foreign market. Access to the EU and SADC markets in this case will always be determined by how diversified S. Africas and its trading partners economies are, because it makes no point for countries to engage in trade of products that they can effectively produce for themselves. Diversification ensures that a country is more likely to produce what other countries do not. If member countries trade in similar products, then there should be a higher degree of intra-industry trade for the exchange of goods and services to be successful. This calls for more research and the adoption of efficient technologies that make it possible for cou ntries to successfully differentiate those products that are more or less identical. Product differentiation means that countries can produce an identical product but with noticeable differences in terms of branding, durability and value added. One of the major reasons behind forming Free Trade Area with SADC and the EU is to enable South Africa to successfully integrate into the world economy (ROBLES, 2008). For South Africas major trading partners in the EU for example, forming a free trade area involves removing barriers to trade and making few adjustments in order to allow free movement of goods and services because they already possess the prerequisites for surviving trade competition under an open economy. However, for a developing economy like South Africa, successful integration into the EU and World market involves a very wide range of policies. For example increasing production and diversification, adopting new production technologies in order to increase value added to intermediate inputs, facilitating local agricultural production to successfully compete with subsidized European Agriculture, fighting crime and boosting local demand in order to increase investor confidence, and developing the local transport syst em. Implementation of all these policies is a gradual process that requires not only money and time but also a population that is equally skilled and well off enough to participate in production and again absorb the increased proceeds from higher production and trade. According to Mthembu (2008), countries in Sub-Saharan Africa depend on taxes on trade to generate between a quarter and a third of their national revenue. By Forming Free Trade Areas South Africa hopes to increase its share of world exports by importing low cost technology and transforming it into goods and services that can be exported at a higher value and price and through producing at a higher volume and enjoying higher economies of scale, thereby gaining more foreign exchange and employment that will accelerate the growth of the economy. However this comes at a cost of lost tax revenues. Although it is true that when a country trades more, it can increase its share of world exports and demand and gain more power on the final world prices and supply, this is not always the case. Opening up to trade does not automatically guarantee economic success (Krugman, 1996, Rodrik. 2005, Rodrik, 2008). Thirlwall (2000) points out that trade between developing and developed countries has oft en resulted into trade diversion rather than creation. Rodrik (2005), amongst others, has suggested that countries should only open up to free trade when they have a very strong local industry that can compete on the world market. It is only when nations have a strong economic base that they can start benefiting from international trade. Conversely, many other studies have concluded that international trade has been a vital force behind the economic breakthrough of different countries (Hachicha 2003, Dhawan and Biswal 1999, Ahmed et al. 2007, Tang 2010) by not only increasing local production but also by provoking growth between regions. In South Africas case, we need to examine the relationship between its external trade and growth by analyzing the causal relationship between international trade and economic performance. If it is found that it is growth that causes exports, then the South African policy should be redirected altogether from focusing on international trade to other strategies for increasing domestic economic growth Conclusion At this stage, the most important issue for South Africa is not whether to trade or not but rather it is about how to trade and with which products. The over all gains from trade could be huge if the trade pattern with the EU and SADC provides products in which South Africa has a strong competitive advantage and free access to the respective markets. With a favorable trade environment, South Africa would with no doubt achieve sustainable growth and integration into the world economy. This study therefore will examine whether the two free trade agreements cited have had either positive or negative impact on the trading patterns for South Africa by studying the growth characteristics of trade flows between South Africa and each individual free trade area shortly before and after their inception. If we find that South Africas exports have been decreasing while imports continue to grow, then South Africa should push for more favorable trade conditions. These conditions would be slightly different if the imports are mainly composed of capital goods. Statement of the problem Trade with the European Union provides South Africa with diverse trading opportunities by allowing it free access to a very wide market composed of 25 different economies. On the other hand, given the fact that South Africa is a developing economy, gains from trade are limited by lack of competitive advantage in manufacturing, transport costs and the European Unions protection of Agriculture and intellectual property rights. From another perspective however, South Africa is in a better position to trade with SADC than it is with the European Union. This is because South Africas economy is more advanced than most SADC countries in terms of technology, capital, financial institutions and skilled labor, which ought to give South Africa more competitive advantage. So, following the classical theory of trade, should South Africa work on increasing its trade with SADC rather than with the EU because it is more likely to always import more than it exports to the European Union but export more than it imports from the SADC? 1.4. Objectives of the study To understand and determine South Africas comparative advantage in the European Union and SADC. To determine whether FTAs have indeed created trade for South Africa or led to trade diversion. To analyze the validity of South Africas liberalization of trade as the Major drive towards sustainable economic growth by analyzing the causal relationship between exports and GDP. 1.5. Research hypotheses South Africas comparative advantage in the EU is limited to Mining and Agriculture. South Africa enjoys more comparative advantage in the SADC than in the EU Exports cause economic growth for South Africa. There has been more trade creation between South Africas trade with the EU than with SADC. Research methodology This chapter presents the master plan of the study entailing procedures that will be followed so as to obtain the goals of the research. Study population, Sample size and source of data The study will be conducted on a population of two Free Trade Areas (FTAs) namely Southern Africa Development and Cooperation (SADC) and the European Union. In order to determine the comparative advantage of South Africa in the above mentioned FTAs, we shall consider a sample size of fifteen countries from the EU countries that trade with South Africa more than the others. The data from the other remaining countries will be used in calculations of aggregates where necessary. The EU has 27 member countries and representing and analyzing trade data for each member would be very tiresome and time consuming. All of SADC countries on the other hand will be included in the study. Data collection methods and Analysis The study will involve both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection. Documents will be reviewed in order to gather views by different researchers on a given topic and then analyze their views from our perspective. We shall also gather trade data specifically from web-based databases (for example United Nations and SADCs international trade databases) of all countries involved in this study. The obtained data will then be arranged in related patterns and logical order that would allow for regression analysis and hypothesis testing. According to Linda (2008) Data processing involves summarizing, aggregation, validation, tabulation and analysis of data in order to extract useful information. The obtained data will be processed and analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 18 data processing software packages. Objectives, Indicators, Data source, Data collection techniques and methods of data analysis (summary) Objective Indicator Data Sources Collection technique Method of analysis To understand and determine South Africas comparative advantage in the European Union and SADC. The share of South Africas exports in the trade area as opposed to the share of exports of other partners within the reference area. W.T.O database and other documents (according to their availability) documentary review of (monthly, quarterly, semi and annual bulletins) Balassa index of comparative advantage To determine whether FTAs have indeed created trade for South Africa or led to trade diversion Changes in Trade flows and trade volumes between South Africa and the reference area since 1994 to 2009 W.T.O database and other documents (according to their availability) documentary review of (monthly, quarterly, semi and annual bulletins) The Gravity model To analyze the validity of South Africas trade policy by analyzing the causal relationship between exports and GDP Relationship between changes in exports and changes in GDP W.T.O database and other documents (according to their availability) documentary review of (monthly, quarterly, semi and annual bulletins) Granger causality test Balassa index of revealed comparative advantage (RCA) In order to determine the comparative advantage of South Africa in the EU and SADC we shall use the comparative export performance index commonly known as balassa index. The Revealed comparative advantage (RCA) index is used to determine whether a countrys trade flows have been increasing or decreasing within a specified period of time. The index can also be used to identify products that a country is producing more effectively than the other trading partners. More still, the index identifies industries in which a country is performing poorly. This can be helpful especially when a country wants to make policies that would promote the competitiveness of those industries. Therefore, the RCA index provides very important information about a countrys general trade with the rest of the world. The index of revealed comparative advantage is stated as shown below: xij: exports of product j from country i Xi: total exports from country i xaj total exports of product j from the reference area (e.g. the world) Xa: total exports from reference area The values of the index range zero to Infinity. If the index takes on a value that is less than one implies that the country has a revealed comparative disadvantage in the product. Similarly if the index takes on a value that exceeds one, the country is said to have a revealed comparative advantage in that product. It is possible for more than one country to have comparative in the same product. In this case, a country with a higher value of the index has the strongest advantage because it can produce the product in question more effectively than the other countries. Causality test The variable of investment will be added to the equation of the growth model because of its significance in enhancing economic growth. The function of the model will be expressed as GDP = f(X,Inv) where GDP represents economic growth, X and Inv represent export and investment respectively. GDP=bo + b1X + b2Inv + E According to Studenmunds (1987) the granger causality test should not be applied to non stationary data because sometimes it may produce misleading results. Therefore before testing for causal relationship between exports and Growth, we shall test for stationarity of the underlying data series by testing for the unit root by applying the ADF test. The ADF test determines whether or not the variables follow a stationary trend. If the time series is non stationary, then we shall carry out a cointegration test to determine whether there is a long term relationship between the variables. The gravity model In order to determine whether FTAs have created or diverted trade, two models are usually applied; the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) and the Gravity model of bilateral trade. The CGE is suitable for the analysis of trade among countries before the removal of trade barriers. The Gravity model on the other hand is used to analyze trade after the removal of trade barriers among countries (Cenart 2003) The gravity model originated from Newtons law of Universal Gravitation 1687 which states that the ability of one object to attract other particles is positively related to its mass and the mass of the other objects and negatively related with the distance between them. More than 270 years later, in 1962 Jan Tinbergen suggested the application of the same model to the analysis of trade flows among countries by stating that bilateral trade is positively related to GDP and negatively related to distance. The model takes the form below: Fij = ÃŽÂ ²0 MiMj/Dij Where i,j = trading partners F = Trade flows M = Economic Mass (measured in GDP and population) of a country ÃŽÂ ²0 = Constant Rewriting the above formula in a linear equation we introduce logs and the error term in order to allow for the estimation using OLS. Fij = ÃŽÂ ²0 + ÃŽÂ ²1(Mi + Mj) + ÃŽÂ ²2(Pi + Pj) ÃŽÂ ²3Dij + E LogFij = ÃŽÂ ²0 + ÃŽÂ ²1(LogMiMj) + ÃŽÂ ²2(LogPiPj) ÃŽÂ ²3LogDij + E Where D represents the distance between South African Port to the trading partners port of entry; P represents population of a given country. By introducing dummies for FTAs, the model can capture whether the trade area enhances or restricts bilateral tradeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. We shall analyze the change in the importance of the coefficients after every two years since 1997 up to 2009. The subscript j will be used to represent South Africas data while subscript i will represent data for other trading partners. Trade creation and trade diversion (specification of the gravity model) Different studies have used the gravity model to explain creation and diversion of trade by Free Trade Areas (citation) Scope of the study The study will be focused on South Africas trade with the European Union and SADC countries before and after their formation; that is between the periods 1995 to 2009 Significance of the study The establishment of those sectors in which South Africa has a strong advantage will help stakeholders to motivate further liberalization where they have been denied especially in the European Union and also design policies to improve efficiency in the production of those commodities in which South Africa is currently doing poorly but still has the potential to improve. Further more, the establishment of the relationship between free trade and South Africas economic performance will help to add an insight into South Africas trade policy. The findings of the study can be based upon to design policies that can do better to achieve a good economic performance. The study is also expected to provide useful inputs to researchers and others who have a keen interest in South Africas trade with the rest of the world. Organization of the study The research work will consist of five chapters and they will be arranged as follows: Chapter one will consist of the introduction, background to the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, the research hypotheses, the significance of the study, scope of the study and finally the organization of the study. The second chapter will comprise of literature review of various studies by other researchers on this subject. The third Chapter will explore methodological aspects of how data was obtained and analyzed. The fourth chapter will present research findings, provide data analysis and interpretation. The fifth chapter will give summary of the findings, a conclusion and recommendations as well as suggestions for further research in relation to the topic.

Succubus Heat CHAPTER 8

Grace called me that night while I was on my way to talk to Isabelle. â€Å"Hello, Georgina. This is Grace.† I waited patiently for Mei's complementary greeting. When it didn't come, I asked in surprise, â€Å"It's just you? Not Mei?† Grace's voice, while as flat as usual, held the tiniest puzzled note in it. â€Å"Why would Mei be here?† It apparently hadn't occurred to her that I had never received a call or a visit from either of them alone. They always functioned as a unit, kind of giving the impression that the fabric of the universe might rip open if they were ever apart. This was as weird as them nearly accepting coffee the other day. â€Å"Never mind. What's up?† â€Å"Jerome wanted me to tell you that he is†¦pleased.† â€Å"Over what?† â€Å"Over you successfully embarrassing Cedric.† â€Å"But I didn't-† I bit my lip, suddenly wondering if I should be so quick to deny my involvement. Jerome hadn't been happy with me recently. While the stupid spectacle at Queen Elizabeth Park had put me on Cedric's shit list, it might very well take me off Jerome's and hasten my permanent return to Seattle. I stayed silent. â€Å"He's glad you took his talk to heart,† Grace continued. â€Å"Although, he does wish to remind you that you being sent to Cedric is supposed to be a gesture of good will. So try not to be too efficient. Jerome encourages you to keep up with these small jabs but to remember that you do ultimately want this group undone.† I sighed. â€Å"Noted.† Grace disconnected. Great. This was all I needed. Jerome thought I was guilty too-of trying to score extra credit with him. Cedric had told me I could find Isabelle at a jazz club a few miles from my hotel. It was over on a street lined with clubs and bars, and the excitement and energy in the air as I walked toward Isabelle's hangout was palpable. It was Saturday night, after all, and the streets teemed with humans eager and excited for life and love. I couldn't see their souls or energy the way an imp like Hugh could, but I didn't need to. It was apparent in the way they moved and talked and eyed each other for potential hook-ups. Even after my recent tryst, being in this electric atmosphere made me itch for another conquest. I'd have to cruise these clubs once I'd concluded business with Isabelle. The jazz club was small and dark, exactly the way you expected such places to be. All the tables were filled, and lots of people stood by the bar or along the wall. I didn't have any trouble finding Isabelle, though. The signature of a greater immortal filled up a place like this. Hers made me think of sunlight shining through crystals, fracturing into sparkles of color. She sat alone at a corner table. Most obviously single women in there were being hit on-in fact, I got a number of appraising looks as I walked through-but no one other than the wait staff seemed to notice Isabelle. It reminded me of how no one ever noticed Jerome's resemblance to John Cusack. Isabelle wore a long blue dress with spaghetti straps, surprisingly risqu? ¦ for an angel. Her hair was sunny blond and worn loose to her lower back-not unlike a golden cloak, I thought wryly. She sensed me, of course, and didn't seem surprised at all when I sat down across from her. With a smile, she glanced up and crooked a finger toward the nearest waiter. He hurried over and took my gimlet order. Once he was gone, Isabelle turned her attention on me. â€Å"So. Jerome's succubus.† Cedric had called me the same thing when we first met. I kind of resented my identity being based on my association with-or rather, possession by-someone else. â€Å"Yeah,† I said. She watched me pleasantly, neither cold nor friendly. With angels, you never knew which extreme you might get. Mostly, she looked curious, so I figured I could get right down to business. â€Å"So I-â€Å" â€Å"Shh.† â€Å"Wh-â€Å" She held up her hand, dark eyes focusing on something beyond me. The band was in the middle of a song, and the trumpet player had just put the instrument to his lips. A long, high note came out, kicking off what turned into a mournful solo. When he finished a minute or so later, I turned back to Isabelle and saw the waiter had brought my gimlet. The angel's face was alight with wonder-and wistfulness. â€Å"Did you hear that?† she asked me. â€Å"Those notes weren't complicated, yet he managed to put so much into them. His heart, his emotions, his soul. A world of sorrow, exquisite agony†¦all in those few notes.† She took a sip of her wine. â€Å"You can't do that. Not even I can do that-not the way he did.† Her words surprised me, but I knew exactly what she meant. Part of the reason I was always a little in awe of Seth's books was because he, as a mortal, had a talent that an immortal like me never could possess. â€Å"Only humans have the gift of creation,† I murmured. Her eyebrows rose slightly, and she smiled. â€Å"Yes, exactly. So tell me, what can I do for you, Jerome's succubus?† I felt a little weird interrogating her now. There was something a little sad and vulnerable about her that made her appealing. Nonetheless, I pushed forward. Angels and demons came from the same stock. Both were good at making you believe what they wanted. â€Å"You†¦you know about those so-called Satanists, right? The Army of Darkness?† Isabelle's smile twitched. â€Å"Great movie, silly cult. Did you have anything to do with their display today? I really liked the goat mask.† I shook my head. â€Å"Actually, I was wondering if you had anything to do with it.† â€Å"Me?† She laughed. â€Å"I only wish I could think up things that good-but there we are again: humans and creation. Why do you ask?† â€Å"Because they say they're being directed by an angel.† I gave her an abridged version of what the group had told me. â€Å"And you assume they literally meant an angel?† â€Å"I'm trying not to assume anything. But I think someone or something is directing them, and your side has as good a reason as any to stir up trouble for Cedric and make the authorities on all sides come down on him.† â€Å"And your side has just as good a reason. Demons try to oust each other all the time.† I tapped my nails along my glass's edge and eyed her warily. â€Å"And you haven't actually answered my question,† I pointed out. â€Å"You haven't directly denied being involved.† Angels couldn't technically lie, but oh, they were masters at not always telling the truth. Isabelle finished off her wine and smiled at me again. â€Å"Oh, you are delightful. This is just like being on a TV cop show. No wonder Carter likes you so much.† I sighed in exasperation, realizing I was going to get nowhere. Fucking angels. Her grin dimmed a little, but she was still clearly amused. â€Å"Look, Georgina,† she said. She knew my name; no real surprise. â€Å"I like you. You're clever and endearing, but here's how it is: I don't want to see Cedric leave Vancouver. I like him. And anyway, that saying about keeping your enemies close is true. I know him, I understand him. And when you're playing a game like ours, the better you know the pieces on the board, the better you'll do. I don't want to have to live with an archdemon I don't know, one who's a lot more unpleasant than he is.† A new glass of wine had been delivered, and she paused to take a sip. â€Å"And that's the truth.† I didn't know what to say. I wanted to believe her but had no idea if I could. I simply sighed again. â€Å"What are you thinking?† she asked. â€Å"I wish I could believe you when you say you aren't involved. Even with the whole not-lying thing, I don't know that I can. I don't think that I can trust anyone.† â€Å"That,† she said firmly, â€Å"is absolutely something I agree with: you can't trust anyone. On any side. Everyone's got their own agenda, and there's something in the air right now-it's like a building storm, to use a clich? ¦. Be careful.† Her face looked momentarily troubled, and then she relaxed again as her attention returned to the stage. â€Å"Ah, the soloist is back.† I slid my empty glass to the center of the table. I started to take out some cash too, but she waved it away. â€Å"Thanks for talking,† I told her, rising from my chair. Suddenly, I hesitated. â€Å"You mentioned Carter. I don't suppose†¦I don't suppose you know where he's been lately?† I'd never thought I would utter those words. Carter had tormented me for years with his unsolicited, cryptic advice. He'd particularly loved to comment about Seth and me, as though he had some special interest in our relationship. Since it had ended, I'd hardly seen Carter at all. He used to come hang out with my friends and me but had only surfaced a couple of times in the last few months. Isabelle smiled. â€Å"He's closer than you think.† â€Å"Typical angel answer,† I groaned. I turned around to leave and then yelped. Carter stood by the club's entrance. Abandoning Isabelle, I hurried across the crowded room. Oblivious to the dress code, Carter wore his typical grungy clothing, ratty jeans and a plain gray T-shirt. A flannel shirt was tied around his waist, and his blond hair could have handled a good washing and brushing. He smiled expectantly at my approach and stepped outside to the crowded street. I followed. â€Å"What are you doing here?† I asked, taking out my cigarettes. I grabbed one for myself and then offered him the pack. He took one too. â€Å"What are you doing here?† he returned pleasantly. â€Å"You know what I'm doing here. Everyone knows what I'm doing here.† I fumbled in my purse for my new lighter and found a matchbook instead. I pulled it out. Mark's Mad Martini Bar. I'd forgotten them. â€Å"What's wrong?† asked Carter, noting my frown. I shook my head. â€Å"Nothing.† I traded the matches for my lighter, and we lit up. â€Å"You were lurking with your signature hidden,† I continued. â€Å"Why?† â€Å"Element of surprise,† he said. â€Å"It was worth it to see your face.† We walked past the club lines and drunken groups, no clear destination in mind-at least none that I knew of. â€Å"You haven't been around in a while,† I accused. â€Å"Why, Daughter of Lilith, have you missed me?† â€Å"No! But I was starting to feel like you were only interested in me while I was dating Seth.† â€Å"Of course not.† There was a long, overly nonchalant pause. â€Å"So†¦have you talked to him lately?† I rolled my eyes. â€Å"You are only interested in Seth! You're going to have to let it go, Carter. Seth and I are finished. Why can't you obsess on me and my new boyfriend instead?† â€Å"Because you can do better.† â€Å"Everyone keeps saying that. But I'm a succubus. How much better can I do?† â€Å"The fact that people keep telling you that should be answer enough.† â€Å"Seth broke up with me ,† I said through gritted teeth. â€Å"He doesn't want me anymore, end of story.† â€Å"Oh, come now. Do you really believe that?† â€Å"Seeing as I was there at the break-up? Yes.† Carter tsked. â€Å"Georgina, Georgina. You're letting your anger and other emotions cloud your reason, which is unfortunate since you're a lot smarter than people give you credit for. Go back and think. Why did Seth break up with you?† I stared off at the far side of the street, refusing to look at him. â€Å"Because he thought if we stayed together, we'd both get hurt. That it would be better if we split, no matter how painful at the time.† â€Å"And you think that makes him a bad person?† â€Å"Yes.† I turned back toward Carter. â€Å"Because I didn't agree. I was willing to take the risk. He gave up.† â€Å"Sometimes it takes more courage to know when to retreat than to keep fighting.† â€Å"I don't think it could have taken that much courage. He ended up with Maddie pretty quickly.† No matter how hard I tried, I couldn't keep the bitterness from my voice. â€Å"That takes courage too, forcing yourself to start over with someone new, to keep moving on with your life.† â€Å"Seems more like a rebound to me.† Carter took a long drag on his cigarette. â€Å"Seth didn't leave and go to Maddie because he stopped loving you. If there were no complications in the world, you would be the one he chose. You are his ideal, his first choice.† â€Å"That's not flattering to Maddie.† â€Å"It doesn't make her less. It just means he loves her differently. And when you decide you have to move on, that's how it is. Just because things don't work out, it doesn't mean there aren't other people you can't love. Love is too big a thing for you to go without it in life.† â€Å"Oh yes,† I said. â€Å"I have so missed these cryptic conversations.† Carter crooked me a grin. â€Å"I'm glad to see you're back to your old self.† â€Å"I've missed the sarcasm too.† â€Å"No, I'm serious. You weren't a lot of fun these last few months. You were kind of†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"†¦bitchy?† He shrugged. â€Å"I don't know. You were angry and depressed and frustrated. You stopped caring about the people around you. You weren't†¦well, you.† â€Å"You don't know me or what I am.† â€Å"I know you better than you think. I know you're still hurting and think the universe has given up on you. It hasn't. I also know that as far as all this demon business is concerned, your curiosity is going to tangle you up further in something you shouldn't be involved with in the first place. Jerome,† he declared, â€Å"is a fool.† â€Å"Do you know what's going on?† I asked eagerly, coming to a stop. â€Å"Who's leading that cult? Who's supposedly running this huge game that's going on that I can't see?† â€Å"No,† said Carter, expression dark. â€Å"I don't know any of that. But if I were you, I'd get back to Seattle soon. Stay close to Jerome.† â€Å"He hates me right now.† â€Å"No, he doesn't. Stay close to him. He'll protect you. If he can't†¦well, I will. If I can.† There was nothing romantic in his offer of protection. It wasn't spoken with chivalrous fierceness. His manner was uneasy, like he was dealing with a last resort. I also couldn't help but replay his last words: if I can . Angels-or demons-didn't use the word â€Å"if† very often. â€Å"What do you mean if-â€Å" â€Å"Go back home, Daughter of Lilith.† He tipped his head back to stare at the night sky, blew smoke into the air, and then looked down at me with his silvery gray eyes. â€Å"We'll talk soon.† He dropped the cigarette to the sidewalk and vanished. I glanced around, worried someone had seen us, but we'd walked far from the partiers. I stamped out the cigarette, turned, and headed back in the direction of all the nightlife to go find some guys I'd noticed checking me out. A night with drunken men might still leave me feeling hollow, but at least their motives were easier to understand than angels'.